Intra-canal medication containing silver nanoparticle versus calcium hydroxide in reducing postoperative pain: A randomized clinical trial

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Pain in endodontic treatment is a major concern for patients and clinicians. Many factors can cause pain like bacteria, chemical mediators, change in cyclic mediators, change in periapical tissue pressure, and psychological factors. However, the presence of microorganisms as a result of failure to properly disinfect the canal is the most common cause of pain. Infected root canals contain a wide range of microorganisms, which may result in the production of enzymes and endotoxins resulting in persistence of pain. Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used intra-canal medicament and is considered the gold standard. However, the ability of calcium hydroxide medication to completely eradicate bacterial species from the root canal has been questioned. Recently, nano-technology has attracted attention, especially those containing silvern